NFX 0017 Ukraine 1

01. Rook ( Corvus frugilegus ) 3'03"

CU calls in Rookery, calls from chicks occasionally in b/g, distant calls from Red-footed Falcons at times. USE: Hungary, Romania, Moldova, Bulgaria,Ukraine and the whole of Southern Russia. As spots: Britain and W. Europe. TIME: Mid-late April - July. As spots: Rookeries occupied all year.

02. Rook ( Corvus frugilegus ) 3'56"

CU calls in Rookery, occasional calls from Red-footed Falcons in b/g, distant Magpie at times. USE & TIME: As track 1 and note after track 13.

03. Rook ( Corvus frugilegus ) 2'45"

CU calls in Rookery, annoyance and alarm calls from Red-footed Falcons in b/g (the deeper calls from the female), movement sounds in nest. USE & TIME: As track 1 and note after track 13.

04. Rook ( Corvus frugilegus ) 4'03"

CU calls in Rookery, movement sounds, Red-footed Falcons in b/g, calls from Rook chicks begging, falcons louder towards end. USE & TIME: As track I and note after track 13.

05. Rook ( Corvus frugilegus ) Red-footed Falcon ( Falco vespertinus ) 3'31"

CU calls in Rookery, MCU-CU alarm calls from male and female falcons, movement in nests. USE & TIME: As track 1 and note afler track 13.

06. Rook ( Corvus frugilegus ) 3'35"

CU calls in Rookery, calls from chicks at times, MD calls from Red-footed Falcons. USE & TIME: As track 1 and note after track 13.

07. Rook ( Corvus frugilegus ) Red-footed Falcon ( Falco vespertinus ) 3'56"

CU calls in Rookery, MD-MCU alarm calls from falcons, movement in nests. USE & TIME: As track 1 and note after track 13.

08. Rook ( Corvus frugilegus ) Red-footed Falcon ( Falco vespertinus ) 5'54"

CU calls in Rookery, MCU annoyance and alarm calls from falcons, movement in nests, wing-flapping, Rook chicks in b/g at times. USE & TIME: As track 1 and note after track 13.

09. Rook ( Corvus frugilegus ) Red-footed Falcon ( Falco vespertinus ) 2'57"

CU calls in Rookery, MD-MCU annoyance and alarm calls from falcons. USE & TIME: As track 1 and note after track 13.

10. Red-footed Falcon ( Falco vespertinus ) Rook ( Corvus frugilegus ) 5'16"

CU alarm calls from a pair of falcons in Rookery, CU calls from Rooks, Rook chicks call at times. USE & TIME: see track 1 and note after track 13.

11. Red-footed Falcon ( Falco vespertinus ) Rook ( Corvus frugilegus ) 7'15"

CU alarm calls from falcons, CU calls from Rooks in Rookery, higher calls the male falcon, deeper and fuller calls the female. USE & TIME: As track 1 and note after track 13.

12. Red-footed Falcon ( Falco vespertinus ) 2'14"

CU alarm calls from perched male, female alarming in flight in b/g, Rooks calling loudly in b/g. USE & TIME: As track I and note after track 13.

13. Rook ( Corvus frugilegus ) Red-footed Falcon ( Falco vespertinus ) 4'40"

CU calls in Rookery, CU alarm calls from male falcon, female arrives to join him, movement sounds in nests. USE & TIME: As track 1 and note below.NOTE: Red-footed Falcons in Rookery, initially a pair 'nest guarding' with another bird trying to land nearby, then upto six birds all competing for best Rook's nest - chasing and squabbling with each other.

14. Steppe atmosphere ( Grassland) 2'11"

Wind in grass, song from Skylarks, Calandra Larks and Quail. USE: Spain, Sardinia, Italy, Greece, Romania east to Ukraine and east to the steppes of Central Asia. Crete,Turkey and NW North Africa. TIME: late April - early August.

15. Steppe atmosphere ( Grassland) 3'36"

Skylarks singing, Rooks call, Calandra Lark rises, sings and descends. USE: Romania east to Ukraine and east to the steppes of Central Asia. TIME: April - early August.

16. Skylark ( Alauda arvensis ) 0'57"

MCU song in flight, descends at end. USE: Europe, Russia, Turkey and NW North Africa - in Winter absent from N, C and E Europe and Russia. TIME: will sing all year, less song in August-early September.

17. Steppe atmosphere (Grassland) 3'04"

Skylarks, Calandra Larks, calls from Yellow Wagtails ( Black-headed), distant Rooks. USE & TIME: As track 15.

18. Steppe atmosphere (Grassland) 0'54"

Skylark singing in foreground, Ravens calling in b/g, distant Rooks. USE: Western UK and Ireland, Central, Eastern and SE Europe. TIME: All year, except C & E Europe where April-September.

19. Steppe atmosphere (Grassland) 3'36"

Skylarks and Calandra Larks singing and calling, Ravens in b/g. USE & TIME: As track 14.

20. Steppe atmosphere (Grassland) 2'59"

Song and calls from Skylarks and Calandra Larks, distant Ravens at times. USE & TIME: As track 14.

21. Rook ( Corvus frugilegus ) 0'28"

MCU-CU calls from a single bird in flight, larks in b/g. USE & TIME: As track 15.

22. Skylark ( Alauda arvensis ) 1'33"

CU song in flight, faint Rooks and other larks at Start. USE & TIME: As track 16.

23. Steppe Vole ( Microtus socialis ) 0'17"

CU alarm calls from one and several, Rooks in distance. USE: Ukraine and Russian Steppe. TIME: April-September.

Recorded: Askaniya-Nova, Ukraine, 30th April- 1st May 1997.
Recorded by Nigel Tucker
Recorded digitally in Left & Right Stereo.