NFX 0023 SPAIN 1

01. House Martin ( Delichon urbica ) 4'00"

Mountain atmosphere CU calls from birds flying around nesting cliff, melt-water stream prominent in b/g, distant Black Redstart, Blackcap, Rock Bunting, cattle and cow-bells. USE: Mountains of S. Europe. TIME: May - July.

02. House Martin ( Delichon urbica ) 3'40"

Mountain atmosphere CU calls from birds flying around nesting cliff, melt-water stream prominent in b/g, distant Black Redstart, Rock Bunting and Linnet, USE & TIME: As track 1.

03. Rock Bunting ( Emberiza cia ) 0'23"

MCU song, heavy stream sound in b/g. USE: Mountain ranges of Morocco, S. Europe, Asia Minor and Transcaucasia to E. Iran. TIME: April-July.

04. Cow ( Bos taurus ) 1'06"

CU bellows, cow-bells in b/g, slight wind at start, distant Water Pipits. USE: Mountains of N. Spain, Alps and Carpathians. TIME: April-July.

05. Cow ( Bos taurus ) 2'15"

MCU cow-bells, cattle bellowing, wind at times. USE & TIME: Where applicable.

06. Mountain, High Pasture atmosphere 5'54"

Cow and sheep bells, cattle bellowing, sheep bleeting, slight wind at times, closer calls towards end. USE & TIME: As track 5.

07. Cow-bell 0'18"

Single cow-bell ringing as cow walks past. USE & TIME: As track 5.

08. Water Pipit ( Anthus spinoletta ) 1'15"

MCU-CU flight display song, cattle and cow-bells in b/g. USE & TIME: As track 4.

09. Mountain, High Pasture atmosphere 5'09"

Cow-bells, Water Pipits, faint stream. USE & TIME: As track 4.

10. Stream 3'07"

CU melt-water stream in high pasture, flowing right to left. USE & TIME: As track 5.

11. Stream 3'15"

CU melt-water stream in high pasture, flowing right to left, distant cow bellow at one point. USE & TIME: As track 5.

12. Mountain, High Pasture atmosphere 4'29"

Melt-water stream in foreground, cattle bellowing and cow-bells in b/g, Water Pipits, Linnets, Wheatears and Black Redstart in distance. USE & TIME: As track 4.

13. Wheatear ( Oenanthe oenanthe ) 1'00"

CU chicks being fed by adult, adult leaves, cow-bells in b/g, distant stream and calls from Alpine Chough. USE & TIME: As track 4. As spots: Upland UK, Iceland, Europe - except W France, S Spain & Portugal. Russia, Asia Minor to Mongolia, Alaska, Newfoundland and coastal Greenland.

14. Wheatear ( Oenanthe oenanthe ) 3'31"

CU sounds of adults arriving and departing nest, CU chick calls, 3 feeds; Alpine Chough, cow-bells, Black Redstart, Water Pipits, Linnets, other birds and stream in b/g, good atmos. after feeds, slight clicking sound from chicks. USE & TIME: As track 13.

15. Wheatear ( Oenanthe oenanthe ) 2'01"

CU sounds of adults arriving and leaving nest, CU chick calls, 5 feeds; cow-bells, stream, Chough, Black Redstart and other birds in b/g. USE & TIME: As track 13.

16. Wheatear ( Oenanthe oenanthe ) 0'43"

CU sounds of both adults arriving at nest, one leaves, CU calls from chicks being fed twice; cow-bells, distant birds and stream in b/g. USE & TIME: As track 13.

17. Wheatear ( Oenanthe oenanthe ) 0'54"

CU calls from chicks being fed twice; stream, distant birds and cow-bells in b/g. USE & TIME: As track 13.

18. Wheatear ( Oenanthe oenanthe ) 2'31"

CU calls of chicks being fed, 4 times, and adults arriving and leaving; stream, Chough, Linnet, Black Redstart, Water Pipit and cow-bells in b/g. USE & TIME: As track 13.

19. Wheatear ( Oenanthe oenanthe ) 3'14"

CU calls from chicks being fed, 6 feeds, adults arriving and leaving; stream, cattle, Black Redstart and other birds in b/g. USE & TIME: As track 13.

20. Wheatear ( Oenanthe oenanthe ) 3'14"

CU calls from chicks being fed, 5 feeds with second round of calling triggered by Linnet flying over, adults arriving and leaving, adults call when leaving on fourth feed. Stream, distant Water Pipit, Black Redstart and other birds. USE & TIME: As track 13.

21. Wheatear ( Oenanthe oenanthe ) 2'41"

CU calls from chicks being fed, 4 feeds, adults arriving and leaving; stream, distant cow-bells, Chough and other birds. USE & TIME: As track 13.

22. Wheatear ( Oenanthe oenanthe ) 0'43"

CU calls and song from male, ( female gives same call ), Water Pipit, cow-bells and stream in b/g. USE & TIME: As track 13.

23. Chough ( Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax ) 0'15"

CU calls in flight, Water Pipit, cattle, cow-bells and stream in b/g. USE & TIME: As track 4. As spots: S & W Ireland, W Scotish islands, W Wales, Spain, pockets in S France, Italy, Greece and Crete, SC Turkey, and from the Caucasus - N China. TIME: Any.

24. Chough ( Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax ) 1'13"

MD loud calls from a bird on the ground ( usual call ), Water Pipits, Wheatear, Black Redstart, Linnet, cow-bells, cricket and stream in b/g. USE & TIME: As track l3.

25. Chough ( Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax ) 2'01"

Mountain, High pasture atmosphere CU-MD calls from one of several birds on ground, MD when bird turns away, ( usual call ), Water Pipit and Linnets in b/g, distant Raven, stream and cow-bells in places. USE & TIME: As track 23.

26. Mountain, High pasture atmosphere 4'33"

Water Pipit ( Anthus spinoletta ) MCU-MD flight display song and song while perched from pipits, flies, Wheatear and cattle in b/g, distant stream. USE & TIME: As track 4.

27. Wheatear ( Oenanthe oenanthe ) 3'53"

Mountain, High pasture atmosphere CU-MD song, Linnets, Water Pipits, flies and cow-bells in b/g, MD stream. USE & TIME: As track 13.

28. Wheatear ( Oenanthe oenanthe ) 1'18"

MD flight display song at start, with Water Pipit in b/g, then CU song and calls, calls are the start of a short display flight - either flying up or along. Flies, other distant birds including Alpine Chough. USE & TIME: As track 13.

29. Mountains, High pasture atmosphere 3'15"

Water Pipits, Wren, Wheatear, Cattle, distant cow-bells, Linnets, Alpine Chough, House Martins, flies, distant streams. USE & TIME: Mid-morning to late afternoon, as track 4.

Recorded: The Picos de Europa, N. Spain, 11/12-6-97.
Recorded by Nigel Tucker.
Recorded digitally in Left & Right Stereo.