NFX 0026 SPAIN 4

01. Crag Martin ( Ptyonoprogne rupestris ) 1'40"

CU-MCU calls from a group of 8 birds in flight, Black Redstart alarm calls, calls from Great Tit and stream in b/g. USE: Mts. of S. Europe to Central Asia. TIME: All year.

02. Stonechat ( Saxicola torquata ) 1'57"

MCU alarm/distraction calls from male (tic) and female, stream in b/g, distant Chough and other birds. USE: S & W Ireland, W Scottish Islands, W Wales, Spain and pockets of S France, Italy, Greece and Crete. As spots: Europe except north. TIME: June-Aug, alarm (tac) anytime.

03. Great Tit ( Parus major ) 3'17"

CU calls and wing-beats from a recently fledged bird feeding in tree, distant stream, Blackcap and Stonechat. USE: Europe except north. TIME: June-Aug.

04. Red-backed Shrike ( Lanius collurio ) 0'22"

CU alarm calls from adult, cow-bells and insects in b/g. USE: Europe, except Spain only in north, not UK, the far N. Europe or Med. islands. With cow-bells only in south. TIME: May-Aug.

05. Red-backed Shrike ( Lanius collurio ) 0'49"

MCU begging calls from fledged chicks being fed by adult, harder 'chack' from adult, cow-bells and insects in b/g. USE: As track 4. Time: Mid June-July.

06. Red-backed Shrike ( Lanius collurio ) 1'35"

MCU-CU calls from adult with begging calls from fledged chicks, insects and distant cow-bells in b/g. USE & TIME: As track 5.

07. Red-backed Shrike ( Lanius cullurio ) 3'03"

CU calls from male and fledged chicks being fed, insects, cow-bells, Blue Tit and other distant birds in b/g, seed pods cracking in hedgerow, different calls from male at end. USE & TIME: As track 5.

08. Red-backed Shrike ( Lanius collurio ) Hornet ( Vespa crabro ) 1'23"

CU calls from fledged chicks being fed, CU Hornet buzzing, distant cow-bells and cattle herder, Blackcap, insects and Green Woodpecker. USE & TIME: As track 5. With Green Woodpecker N. Spain only.

09. Yellowhammer ( Emberiza citrinella ) 3'48"

MCU calls and song, with another in distance, crickets, insects, Linnets and Raven in b/g. USE: Europe except far north and south or Iceland. With Raven, not E. UK or NW France. TIME: Calls all year, song late Feb - Aug.

10. Raven ( Corvus corax ) 2'27"

Meadow, Alpine meadow atmosphere MD calls from two Ravens with another in distance, calls from Crows, Green Woodpecker, hum from insects and crickets, distant cow-bells. USE: Spain and Portugal. TIME: Spring - Summer.

11. Meadow, Alpine meadow atmosphere 4'22"

Prominent cricket, with hum from bees and other insects, distant Nuthatches and Green Woodpecker. USE: Spain & Portugal. TIME: Spring - Summer.

12. Meadow, Alpine meadow atnosphere 3'59"

Prominent cricket, with grasshoppers, hum from bees, distant Nuthatches, Buzzard and Great Spotted Woodpecker. USE: C & S Europe. TIME: Spring - Summer.

13. Meadow, Alpine meadow atmosphere 3'31"

Grasshoppers, bees buzzing and feeding in flowers, hover-flies, flies, beetles flying and crickets in distance. USE & TIME: As track 12.

14. Meadow, Alpine meadow atmosphere 3'33"

Bees and grasshoppers, distant crickets. USE & TIME: As track 12.

15. Bee sp. ( Apoidea ) 3'12"

Meadow, Alpine meadow atmosphere CU bees feeding on flowers, crickets, grasshoppers, hover-flies etc. in b/g. USE: As spots - anywhere, as atmos. as track 12. TIME: As track 12.

16. Iberian Chiffchaff ( Phyllocopus brehmii ) 0'19"

MCU single call, insects and distant birds in b/g. USE: Iberia, SW France and NW North Africa. TIME: April-Sept. some may over-winter.

17. Iberian Chiffchaff ( Phyllocopus brehmii ) 3'01"

CU calls, insects in b/g, distant Blue Tit and other birds, bird becomes distant at end. USE & TIME: As track 16.

18. Iberian Chiffchaff ( Phyllocopus brehmii ) 1'10"

MCU-CU calls, insects in b/g, distant birds. USE & TIME: As track 16.

19. Meadow, Alpine meadow atmosphere 3'10"

Insects, crickets and bees, distant Whinchat and Buzzard at times, slight wind in places. USE: C., northern S. and southern W & E Europe. TIME: As track 12.

20. Meadow, Alpine meadow atmosphere 4'18"

Hum from insects, call and song from Whinchat, song from Garden Warbler, calls from Chough, slight wind at times. USE: N. Spain. TIME: Spring - Summer.

21. Gorge, Mountain atmosphere 3'13"

Melt-water stream, Black Redstart, Raven, Buzzard, Stonechat, Great Tit, Blackbird and Green Woodpecker. USE: Iberia. TIME: March-July.

22. Green Woodpecker ( Picus viridis sharpei ) 0'35"

CU 'yaffle', distant stream. USE: Iberia. TIME: all year.

23. Green Woodpecker ( Picus viridis sharpei ) 0'34"

CU 'yaffle', distant Buzzard, Great Tit and stream. USE & TIME: As track 22.

24. Rock Bunting ( Emberiza cia ) 0'27"

CU song, insects and stream in b/g. USE: Mountain ranges of S. Europe east to C. Asia and Iran. TIME: April-August.

25. Buzzard ( Buteo buteo ) 1'39"

Gorge, Mountain atmosphere MD calls from two Buzzards, calls from Rock Bunting, flies and stream in distance, wind increases towards end. USE: As track 24. TIME: Any.

26. Hedgerow, Meadow, Alpine meadow atmosphere 4'11"

Bees, flies and other insects, crickets and grasshoppers, calls from Gold-finches, Yellowhammer and Buzzard. USE: N. Spain and the rest of S. Europe, southern W,C & E Europe. TIME: Spring - Summer.

27. Yellowhammer ( Emberiza citrinella ) 0'51"

CU song, crickets, bees and Buzzard in b/g. USE: Europe except Iceland, Eire, E.England, W & N Scandinavia and Iberia except north. TIME: May-Aug.

28. Goldfinch ( Carduelis carduelis ) 0'25"

CU flight calls from two birds, bees and crickets in b/g. USE: Europe except north. TIME: Spring/Summer.

29. Hedgerow, Meadow, Alpine Meadeiw atmosphere 2'21"

Crickets, bees and other insects, distant Buzzard and Goldfinches. USE: Europe except north, Eire and E. England. TIME: Spring - Summer.

30. Hedgerow, Meadow, Alpine meadow atmosphere 3'25"

Crickets, bees and other insects, Goldfinches, Swallows and Blue Tit in b/g. USE & TIME: As track 28.

31. Linnet ( Carduelis cannabina ) 3'55"

CU song, bees, grasshoppers and other insects in b/g, bird flies off, meadow atmos. with Blue Tit calls at end. USE: Europe except north. TIME: Spring - Summer.

Recorded: The Picos de Europa, N. Spain. 11th and 12th July 1997.
Recorded by Nigel Tucker.
Recorded digitally in Left & Right Stereo.